Posts Tagged ‘Illinois’

Returns To Illinois Farmland Still Shine

Friday, September 16th, 2011

For years, I’ve been extolling the virtues of owning farmland to my clients and others in the investment community.  In many cases, the response has been that of skepticism… “of course you’re promoting farmland, that’s what you sell for a living”.  Recently, though, University of Illinois professor Bruce Sherrick published an article on www.farmdocdaily (Illinois Farmland Investment Performance Revisited) that strengthens my case.  Utilizing information from the USDA Farmland Survey published last month, Dr. Sherrick compared the long-term risks and returns of owning farmland with various other assets. His analysis showed that farmland, relative to other investment alternatives, has A. low systematic risk; B. high relative returns for the risk; and C. provided a good insulation against inflation. These factors would be considered an almost unbeatable trifecta in the world of high finance and investments.

I think it is important to point out that the analysis covered a 40-year time period (1970 – 2010).  This horizon is much longer than what many investors might prefer. But most of us in the industry typically emphasize the fact that land is a long-term investment, not something that you can just jump in and out of with the hopes of making a quick profit.  Realistically, every investment will standout if the right time period is used in the analysis.  But that’s what I like about this study – the data and returns from the worst time period ever for the land market (the 1980s) is included… and farmland still shines.

The Sexton Farmland Auction…The Perfect Storm

Monday, February 21st, 2011

Last Friday, we had the opportunity to auction 512 acres near Donnellson in Bond & Montgomery Counties, Illinois (about 60 miles NE of St. Louis).  If you aren’t familiar with the area, the topography would be considered nearly level to gently sloping and the soils generally consist of Cowden-Piasa or Oconee-Darmstadt silt loams that have a weighted average corn yield (based on soil types and not actual yields) of 130 bushels per acre. Note – for comparison, the best soils in Illinois would have a weighted average corn yield of 180 bushels per acre according to University of Illinois Bulletin 811.  The 512 acres was 93% tillable and included a house with grain bins and a machine shed. We divided the property into 8 tracts to allow smaller farmers and investors to compete with the bigger players.

After completing our initial research in December, we thought that the property would sell for somewhere in the mid-$5,000 per acre range based upon comparable sales – the property had good eye appeal but the soils just weren’t that productive at least relative to Central Illinois.  Our advertising and promotional efforts began in mid-January and slowly my optimism increased.  We had nearly 150 people call or visit our web site in order to receive a brochure, and this was in addition to the nearly 3,000 neighbors and absentee investors we direct mailed a brochure to.  As I told my client the day before the sale, if we’re really lucky we may reach the mid -$6,000 per acre range. 

At the auction, we had over 75 registered bidders.  Some were interested in only individual tracts and others were interested in all 512 acres.  After two hours of aggressive bidding, the property ultimately sold to 2 buyers.  One party bought the house and improvements on 5 acres, along with another 8 acres of pasture, for a total of $171,000.00.  The second party bought the remaining 499 acres for $3,572,744… $7,160 per total acre or $7,490 per tillable acre.  As you might appreciate – this was one instance when I didn’t mind being wrong on price!  I had several people comment afterwards that the sale would now be considered the “high-water” mark for Bond County.

I think that the final price was a result of several factors – A. high commodity prices; B. low interest rates; C. little available land to buy; and D. enough acres to draw farmers and investors from a larger radius.  It also proved that in this market, the public auction is the most effective way of getting the dollars out of the pockets and on to the table.  Right now, land is selling for record prices because of the “perfect storm” of factors mentioned above. Not sure how much longer the storm will last but the land owners selling today are sure reaping the benefits.

THE NECESSITY OF TERMINATING A FARM LEASE

Tuesday, August 17th, 2010

We have talked with many landowners over the past nine months that are considering either the sale of their farm in order to capitalize on record high land prices, or a revision in their lease terms to adjust for changing commodity prices.  In either case, before a sale can take place or a lease adjustment can be made, the existing lease agreement must be properly terminated. Unfortunately, most owners don’t realize that each state has its own specific laws that govern this issue.  And if the termination is not made in strict adherence with state regulations, then it’s as if it wasn’t made at all, in which case the lease essentially renews with the same terms for the following crop year.

If you think that you might sell your farm between now and spring planting, or if you want to update the terms in your lease, it is imperative that you correctly terminate your existing agreement.  Why?  In the case of a farm sale, terminating the lease ensures that all potential buyers, especially neighboring farmers, will be interested bidders.  Because of higher grain prices, farmers and investors have been more aggressive in bidding for land the past few months.  And they want to actually farm the land they buy — they don’t want to be a landlord for another farmer.  If there is a lease in place on a property, they will either discount their price or have no interest at all.  This could ultimately lower the sale price by 10 – 15%.  In the case of a desire to modify your current lease, if you do not terminate the existing agreement, then your tenant is under no obligation to agree to a change in terms for next year.  Once again, the financial damage could be significant if you are constrained by an existing lease where the income to the landlord is significantly below the market.

The mechanics of properly terminating a lease vary from state to state.  Generally, the notice does have to be in writing and must contain specific language.  These guidelines need to be followed carefully, regardless of whether your current agreement is written or oral.  The following table provides an overview of the important facts to know in order to properly terminate a lease in selected states.  If you have additional questions, we suggest that you contact your attorney.  

 

IMPORTANT LEASE TERMINATION FACTS

         
State Notice (1.) Type Delivery  
 

IL

 

120 Days

 

Written

 

Certified Mail with Return Receipt

 
Web Resource:  www.farmdoc.illinois.edu/legal/articles/ALTBs/ALTB_04-11/ALTB_04-11_mod2.pdf 
 

IN

 

90 Days

 

Written

 

Certified Mail with Return Receipt

 
Web Resource:  www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/EC/EC-713.pdf   
 

IA

 

September 1

 

Written

 

Certified Mail with Return Receipt

 
Web Resource: www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/wholefarm/html/c2-06.html 
 

MO

  

60 Days

  

Written

 

Certified Mail with Return Receipt

 
Web Resource:  www.extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/agecon/g00520.htm
         
 
  
 

(1.) When notice must be sent prior/relative to expiration date of lease.  Note that the expiration date of a lease can vary.  Historically, the lease period ended on February 28th. However, many modern leases expire on December 31st. Make sure you know this date in order to forward the notice in time.

New Farmland Report Out!

Wednesday, May 26th, 2010

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago just released the May issue of their Agricultural Letter.  This publication focuses on farmland values and agricultural credit conditions across the Midwest.  The Fed gathers their information by surveying 215 bankers across the region and while the letter does a great job of discussing general trends in the agricultural community, keep in mind that specific “micro” areas, e.g., counties, townships, etc. may differ from state averages.

So what did we learn in the May issue?  As expected, farmland values increased in the first quarter of 2010, with the “I” states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa) leading the way.  In addition, values in these areas were up from 4 – 8% over the same period last year.  Interest rates for farm loans in the first quarter of this year were lower than anytime during the past 24 months.  And finally, the letter also had some interesting articles that discussed the Price-to-Earnings ratio for farmland, loan repayment rates, and the outlook for land prices for the second quarter (85% thought that they would remain unchanged).

 If you’re truly interested in following agricultural trends in the Corn Belt, I would suggest subscribing to this publication (or continue reading our blog in the future!).  It’s one government report that I find both interesting and informative.

Commodity Policy & Energy Policy and Their Affect on the Corn Market

Wednesday, April 28th, 2010

In the fall of 2006, corn was hovering around $3 per bushel and farmer’s cash flows were tight.  Up until that point, corn had been thought of as a commodity used primarily for feeding livestock. Suddenly, a shift in government policy encouraged the use of ethanol as a “home-grown, cleaner burning” alternative to petroleum. Corn was the natural input used to make ethanol as it was plentiful and easy to convert.   Shortly thereafter, corn prices rose to $6 per bushel and the feed versus fuel debate began.

Even though corn prices have dropped back into the $3 range, the discussion of the merits of corn-based ethanol continues.  Only now, the question is whether corn should be viewed in the context of agricultural policy or energy policy (or both!).  The University of Illinois recently published an article (Will Corn Prices Follow Energy Policies Or Commodity Policies) that addresses this issue.  In a nutshell, farmers and traders will need to determine if corn prices are more likely to follow the direction of the oil market, or the oil seeds (commodity) market.  The ability to understand the affect that both markets will have on corn demand, may be the difference in locking in a profit or a loss in the future.

Let’s be honest – in less than 4 years, corn-based ethanol has created both incredible prosperity (for grain farmers) and unmitigated disaster (for livestock farmers and ethanol producers) at the same time.  It has driven farmland prices and cash rents to record levels that may or may not be sustainable in the future. I believe that corn-based ethanol will continue to be a key component of our country’s energy policy well into the future.  How it is ultimately viewed (and manipulated?) by policy makers, is yet to be determined.