The world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050. That’s a lot of people to feed and some countries, possibly fearing future unrest, are beginning to take a strong look at who they want (or don’t want) to own their most precious resource. A recent article by Shanghai Barbie Farewell (Brazil Sets Up New Roadblocks for Agricultural Investments – Especially From China) that was posted on the Knowledge @ Wharton Today web site discusses the steps that Brazil is taking to ensure control of their land in the future.
Restricting the ownership of agricultural property is not a new concept. Some countries outright ban it; some place restrictions on the number of acres that can be owned; and others simply require registering and reporting foreign ownership on an annual basis. That said, for years many countries encouraged outside investment capital and know how in order to develop their farming industry. They realized that owning millions of acres did not necessarily mean a vibrant agricultural economy… infrastructure needed to be built; modern seed, fertilizer, chemicals, and irrigation that could adapted to local growing conditions were necessary; and the most important requirement – the knowledge/education to make the entire system work.
Nationalistic politics (“we don’t want others owning our sacred ground”) and ensuring future food supplies (“we don’t want others producing food on our land and shipping it elsewhere”) are probably two of the biggest drivers in this trend. Plus, there’s a fairness issue. Many countries still need capital and expertise to continue their agricultural growth but they want to structure their arrangement as a partnership and not give up total control (similar to what the oil industry is now utilizing).
I personally believe this trend in outside ownership restrictions will continue to expand. Some distinctions will likely be made between the investments made by foreign citizens and those made by foreign governments. Regardless, politicians know that they can’t let their citizens go hungry for fear of de-stabilization. And that’s one thing they want to avoid at all costs.